The elephant had gold rings around its tusks and an inscription was on them written in Greek: "Alexander the son of Zeus dedicates Ajax to the Helios" ( ). Communications. [144] Hephaestion's death devastated Alexander and he ordered the preparation of an expensive funeral pyre in Babylon along with a decree for public mourning. HOME. Taking advantage of this power vacuum, Chandragupta Maurya (referred to in Greek sources as "Sandrokottos"), of relatively humble origin, took control of the Punjab, and with that power base proceeded to conquer the Nanda Empire. AFTERSHOCK STICKER PACK $20.00. [259], Over the course of his conquests, Alexander founded some twenty cities that bore his name, most of them east of the Tigris. [167][168] According to Aelian, a seer called Aristander foretold that the land where Alexander was laid to rest "would be happy and unvanquishable forever". As a young boy, Alexander was taught to read, write, and play the lyre. Gender: Alexander is frequently used as a boy name. [180], Alexander's death was so sudden that when reports of his death reached Greece, they were not immediately believed. On the subsequent advance of the Macedonian king, Taxiles accompanied him with a force of 5,000 men and took part in the battle of the Hydaspes River. It included: The enormous scale of these plans has led many scholars to doubt their historicity. Government of Macedonia (ancient kingdom), encounter between Alexander and Diogenes the Cynic, Chronology of the expedition of Alexander the Great into Asia. [195] Alexander personally led the charge in the center, routing the opposing army. When Alexander learned about this, he was furious. Our Information Technology systems are continually tested and strengthened to ensure protection of all client information. Alexander was emboldened to divide his forces, and Ambhi assisted Hephaestion and Perdiccas in constructing a bridge over the Indus where it bends at Hund,[121] supplied their troops with provisions, and received Alexander himself, and his whole army, in his capital city of Taxila, with every demonstration of friendship and the most liberal hospitality. Some of these alternate spellings include Alejandro, Alessandro, and Alexzander. [15] Such legends may have emerged when Alexander was king, and possibly at his instigation, to show that he was superhuman and destined for greatness from conception. Justin stated that Alexander was the victim of a poisoning conspiracy, Plutarch dismissed it as a fabrication,[151] while both Diodorus and Arrian noted that they mentioned it only for the sake of completeness. The song 'Alexander the Great' by the British heavy metal band Iron Maiden is indicative. Alexander of Aphrodisias. [13] During Philip's absence, the Thracian tribe of Maedi revolted against Macedonia. [149][181], Perdiccas initially did not claim power, instead suggesting that Roxane's baby would be king, if male; with himself, Craterus, Leonnatus, and Antipater as guardians. in Pella, Macedonia, to King Philip II. Trending. This text underwent numerous expansions and revisions throughout Antiquity and the Middle Ages,[306] containing many dubious stories,[304] and was translated into numerous languages. The first refers merely to the Roman battle line and does not specifically mean that the men were armed with pikes, and the second bears similarity to the 'Marian Mules' of the late Roman Republic who carried their equipment suspended from a long pole, which were in use until at least the 2nd century AD. WebAlexander PCs is proud to be an official NVIDIA partner. In the end, Philip chose Aristotle and provided the Temple of the Nymphs at Mieza as a classroom. Julius Caesar went to serve his quaestorship in Hispania after his wife's funeral, in the spring or early summer of 69 BC. Struck under Balakros or Menes, circa 333-327 BC", "Images of Authority II: The Greek Example", Alexander: Selected Texts from Arrian, Curtius and Plutarch, The Classical Tradition: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature, "World map according to Eratosthenes (194 B.C. WebCity of Alexander, North Dakota 58831. In addition to speech works, sculptures and paintings, in modern times Alexander is still the subject of musical and cinematic works. [288][289], Pompey posed as the "new Alexander" since he was his boyhood hero. [234], Alexander married three times: Roxana, daughter of the Sogdian nobleman Oxyartes of Bactria,[235][236][237] out of love;[238] and the Persian princesses Stateira and Parysatis, the former a daughter of Darius III and the latter a daughter of Artaxerxes III, for political reasons. [70], In spring 333 BC, Alexander crossed the Taurus into Cilicia. Vocabulary. Leycester Coltman, The Real Fidel Castro, p 220. [12], Several legends surround Alexander's birth and childhood. [44], In the following year, the Persian satrap (governor) of Caria, Pixodarus, offered his eldest daughter to Alexander's half-brother, Philip Arrhidaeus. This is the most popular grill steak in the country. In 335 BC, shortly after his assumption of kingship over Macedon, he campaigned in the Balkans and reasserted control over Thrace and Illyria before marching on the city of Thebes, which was subsequently destroyed in battle. )", East-West Orientation of Historical Empires, "The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Pella (Khirbet Fahil) Jordan", "Pausanias, Description of Greece, *korinqiaka/, chapter 1, section 5", "Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, BOOK V. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED., CHAP. [19], When Alexander was 13, Philip began to search for a tutor, and considered such academics as Isocrates and Speusippus, the latter offering to resign from his stewardship of the Academy to take up the post. The cosmopolitan art and mythology of Gandhara (a region spanning the upper confluence of the Indus, Swat and Kabul rivers in modern Pakistan) of the ~3rd century BC to the ~5th century AD are most evident of the direct contact between Hellenistic civilization and South Asia, as are the Edicts of Ashoka, which directly mention the Greeks within Ashoka's dominion as converting to Buddhism and the reception of Buddhist emissaries by Ashoka's contemporaries in the Hellenistic world. Concerned that other Greek states might intervene, Alexander made it look as though he was preparing to attack Illyria instead. Greek astronomical treatise) and Paulisa Siddhanta texts depict the influence of Greek astronomical ideas on Indian astronomy. [116] However, the lion was also the symbolic animal of the Anatolian god Sandas, worshipped at Tarsus. For other uses, see. Details from the Alexander Sarcophagus show that he had a fair complexion with ruddy cheeks. in Pella, Macedonia, to King Philip II. When news of the revolts reached Alexander, he responded quickly. This cost him the sympathies of many of his countrymen, and he eventually abandoned it. WebLeading promotional products manufacturer since 1943. Origin: The name Alexander is the Latin form of the Greek name Alexandros. The successor states that emerged were, at least initially, dominant forces, and these 300years are often referred to as the Hellenistic period. Most infamously, Alexander personally killed the man who had saved his life at Granicus, Cleitus the Black, during a violent drunken altercation at Maracanda (modern day Samarkand in Uzbekistan), in which Cleitus accused Alexander of several judgmental mistakes and most especially, of having forgotten the Macedonian ways in favour of a corrupt oriental lifestyle. Alexander was born in 356 B.C.E. WebAlexanders is still family owned, which means we can do business the way we want to, based on our deeply-rooted values and long-held traditions. Miletus, held by Achaemenid forces, required a delicate siege operation, with Persian naval forces nearby. [63][64] At first, all went well. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2009). [312] Alexander was depicted as performing a Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) many times in subsequent Islamic art and literature. WebAlexander is a male given name.The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Aleksander and Aleksandr.Related names and diminutives include Iskandar, Alec, Alek, Alex, Alexandre, [181] According to Diodorus, Alexander's companions asked him on his deathbed to whom he bequeathed his kingdom; his laconic reply was "ti kratisti""to the strongest". [99] He claimed that, while dying, Darius had named him as his successor to the Achaemenid throne. Any other answer would cause the mermaid to turn into a raging Gorgon who would drag the ship to the bottom of the sea, all hands aboard. City of Alexander, North Dakota 58831. top of page. [245] The Roman era writer Athenaeus says, based on the scholar Dicaearchus, who was Alexander's contemporary, that the king "was quite excessively keen on boys", and that Alexander kissed the eunuch Bagoas in public. [134], Alexander sent much of his army to Carmania (modern southern Iran) with general Craterus, and commissioned a fleet to explore the Persian Gulf shore under his admiral Nearchus, while he led the rest back to Persia through the more difficult southern route along the Gedrosian Desert and Makran. When Philip heard of this, he stopped the negotiations and scolded Alexander for wishing to marry the daughter of a Carian, explaining that he wanted a better bride for him. There are many alternate spellings of Alexander depending. When "his engineers pointed out to him that because of the height of the mound it would be impossible this encouraged Alexander all the more to make the [147], Given the propensity of the Macedonian aristocracy to assassination,[150] foul play featured in multiple accounts of his death. Alexander responded quickly and drove them from their territory. [61], After an initial victory against Persian forces at the Battle of the Granicus, Alexander accepted the surrender of the Persian provincial capital and treasury of Sardis; he then proceeded along the Ionian coast, granting autonomy and democracy to the cities. [239][240] He apparently had two sons, Alexander IV of Macedon by Roxana and, possibly, Heracles of Macedon from his mistress Barsine. In the area of architecture, a few examples of the Ionic order can be found as far as Pakistan with the Jandial temple near Taxila. The Athenians, led by Demosthenes, voted to seek alliance with Thebes against Macedonia. [2] He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered to be one of history's greatest and most successful military commanders. A considerable accession of power was granted him after the death of Philip, son of Machatas; and he was allowed to retain his authority at the death of Alexander himself (323 BC), as well as in the subsequent partition of the provinces at Triparadisus, 321 BC. [13] Plutarch stated that Philip, overjoyed at this display of courage and ambition, kissed his son tearfully, declaring: "My boy, you must find a kingdom big enough for your ambitions. [149] Arrian also mentioned this as an alternative, but Plutarch specifically denied this claim. Alexander, however, detecting the horse's fear of its own shadow, asked to tame the horse, which he eventually managed. [107], During the long rule of the Achaemenids, the elite positions in many segments of the empire including the central government, the army, and the many satrapies were specifically reserved for Iranians and to a major degree Persian noblemen. HOME. Alexander III of Macedon, better known as Alexander the Great (l. 21 July 356 BCE 10 or 11 June 323 BCE, r. 336-323 BCE), was the son of King Philip II of Macedon (r. 359-336 BCE) who became king upon his father's death in 336 BCE and then conquered most of the known world of his day.. [233] Thus, rather than megalomania, his behaviour may have been a practical attempt at strengthening his rule and keeping his empire together. One Greek king, Menander I, probably became Buddhist, and was immortalized in Buddhist literature as 'Milinda'. Literally translated, with a commentary, from the Greek of Arrian, the Nicomedian", "Philostratus the Athenian, Vita Apollonii, book 2, chapter 12", "NZ scientist's detective work may reveal how Alexander died", "Was the death of Alexander the Great due to poisoning? In the spring of 335BC, he advanced to suppress several revolts. [222] This was no doubt in part due to Aristotle's tutelage; Alexander was intelligent and quick to learn. Alexander the Great, also known as Alexander III or Alexander of Macedonia is known as one of the greatest generals in all history. "[263] This inscription is one of the few independent archaeological discoveries confirming an episode from Alexander's life. Anthropology. [122] A fierce contest ensued with the Aspasioi in which Alexander was wounded in the shoulder by a dart, but eventually the Aspasioi lost. [185], Diodorus stated that Alexander had given detailed written instructions to Craterus some time before his death, which are known as Alexander's "last plans". [166] Natural-cause theories also tend to emphasize that Alexander's health may have been in general decline after years of heavy drinking and severe wounds. First published Mon Oct 13, 2003; substantive revision Thu Jan 19, 2017. [102] This created a problem for Alexander as to whether he had to make use of the various segments and people that had given the empire its solidity and unity for a lengthy period of time. Tarsos mint. Philip then returned to Elatea, sending a final offer of peace to Athens and Thebes, who both rejected it. Alexander immediately headed south. [107] The cities' locations reflected trade routes as well as defensive positions. 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