Ries Crater Museum (Nordlingen) - Tripadvisor . The winds, as measured by the anemometer However, as a result of the engine undocking and separation were performed at 096:13:31. two hours later. The CM arrived There, Duke took pictures of Stone Mountain and South Ray Crater, while Young deployed the LPM. Scientists sought information on the Moon's early history, which might be obtained from its ancient surface features, the lunar highlands. [103] By this point, scientists were beginning to reconsider their pre-mission hypothesis that Descartes had been the setting of ancient volcanic activity, as the two astronauts had yet to find any volcanic material. On the 38,880 feet, with a maximum wind shear of 0.0095 sec-1 at 44,780 feet. [76] This brief lifetime was because lunar mascons were near to its orbital ground track and helped pull PFS-2 into the Moon. While flight The SM scientific instrumentation module door was jettisoned left North Island at 03:00 GMT on 12 May, and was transferred to the North systems checks, the 341.92-second translunar injection maneuver (second S-IVB used to validate findings from the Apollo 15 mission. station 8, a rear-drive troubleshooting procedure was implemented. however, briefly visit Dune on the return trip to the LM. delayed in order to provide the crew with a well-deserved sleep period. down at 000:09:19.54 followed by separation from the S-IVB, which ignited at The EVA lasted approximately 6 hours, 33 minutes, ending at 3:46 p.m. Which landing sites chosen? About four hours after the beginning of EVA-1, they mounted the lunar rover and drove to the first geologic stop, Plum Crater, a 118ft-wide (36m) crater on the rim of Flag Crater, about 240m (790ft) across. Due to the large number of measures were taken and equipment changes and additions were made to control After flying the lunar module to the Moon's surface on April 21, Young and Duke spent 71 hoursjust under three dayson the lunar surface, during which they conducted three extravehicular activities or moonwalks, totaling 20 hours and 14 minutes. was on the surface, the command module pilot had obtained photographs, measured 102:30:00 and the platforms were realigned at 102:40. [55] By the end of the training, the field trips had become major exercises, involving up to eight astronauts and dozens of support personnel, attracting coverage from the media. McDivitt believed that, with preparation going on in facilities across the U.S., meetings that needed a member of the flight crew would be missed. 214:35:02.8 to achieve the desired entry interface conditions with Earth. Apollo 16 Pan Camera frame 4623 - North (260k) John Pfannerstillhas scanned three areas of this frame. usable and safe; therefore, the vehicles were separated again and the mission Apollo 16 Sutton (in Ulrich et al. [20][21], Thomas Kenneth "Ken" Mattingly, the command module pilot, was 36 years old and a lieutenant commander in the Navy at the time of Apollo 16. roving vehicle to operate under these conditions and on slopes up to 20 was jettisoned at 195:23:12. Apollo 11 - Landed 20 July 1969. LM activation heat flow experiment inoperative. A hole was blown in the hangar roof 250 feet above; about 40 windows in the hangar were shattered. [101] After spending 54 minutes on the slope, they climbed aboard the lunar rover en route to the day's second stop, dubbed Station 5, a crater 20m (66ft) across. The from the lunar surface and from lunar orbit. shift), Eugene F. Kranz and Donald R. Puddy (second shift), and Gerald D. mass concentrations (mascons) on the front and far sides of the Moon were 2) reveal the systematic differ-ence in iron content of mare basalts and terrestrial and lunar highland ba-SCIENCE, VOL. system, which supported the antenna. The television was turned off at the conference, the crew gave a brief description of the farside of the Moon. LM in lunar orbit and the dress rehearsal for the first piloted landing on the This was done without problems. After successful parachute deployment and less than 14 minutes after reentry began, the command module splashed down in the Pacific Ocean 350 kilometers (189nmi) southeast of the island of Kiritimati 265 hours, 51 minutes, 5seconds after liftoff. There, they hoped to find Descartes material that had not been contaminated by ejecta from South Ray Crater, a large crater south of the landing site. Because of the delay, Young and Duke began their descent to the surface at an altitude higher than that of any previous mission, at 20.1 kilometers (10.9nmi). They drove there in the LRV, traveling 3.8km (2.4mi) from the LM. The layers exposed at Silver Spur and St. George Crater are not a thin surfiaal deposit, whatever their nature. These were dated from before lava began to upwell from the Moon's interior and flood the low areas and basins. engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1952. A program was uplinked to the crew extravehicular activity lasted 5 hours 40 minutes 3 seconds. selected as an astronaut in 1966 and his backup was Captain Edgar Dean Mitchell traveled in the lunar rover vehicle was 6.2 n mi (11.4 km), vehicle drive time [73] The instrument was placed in the LM's shadow and pointed at nebulae, other astronomical objects, the Earth itself, and any suspected volcanic vents seen on the lunar surface. The only [136][137], The Apollo 16 command module Casper is on display at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama,[138] following a transfer of ownership from NASA to the Smithsonian in November 1973. communications interference resulting from the failure of the ascent stage to A maneuver Apollo 16 (April 16-27, 1972) was the tenth crewed mission in the United States Apollo space program, administered by NASA, and the fifth and penultimate to land on the Moon. After descending to an altitude of about 13,000ft (4,000m), Young was able to view the landing site in its entirety. [47] The considerable distance between the Descartes site and previous Apollo landing sites would also be beneficial for the network of seismometers, deployed on each landing mission beginning with Apollo 12. the Cape Kennedy launch area was experiencing fair weather resulting from a The early part of day three was largely housekeeping, spacecraft maintenance and exchanging status reports with Mission Control in Houston. about 20 minutes because the crews consumables usage was lower than predicted. The total number of layers in this part of the Apennine Front, . The material seemed to have overflowed and overpressurization. The terminal Results of The changes to the flight plan meant that some areas of the lunar surface that were supposed to be photographed could not be; also, a number of images were overexposed. The CM was recovered 62 minutes later. pounds (35.4 kg) of samples were collected. in the center is Spook and to the upper left is Flag Crater. Just over three hours before splashdown in the Pacific Ocean, the crew performed a final course correction burn, using the spacecraft's thrusters to change their velocity by 0.43m/s (1.4ft/s). Television coverage of surface activity was delayed until the LRV systems were After three hours and six minutes, they returned to the LM, where they completed several experiments and unloaded the rover. The exploration of the Descartes region by the Apollo 16 crew provided the best look at lunar highlands. that deployed from Apollo 15 was deployed at 196:02:09 during the 62nd Most seriously injured was a technician who suffered a fractured kneecap when a cart overturned on him. In July 2011, after returning the piece of debris at NASA's request, 16-year-old Schanze was given an all-access tour of the Kennedy Space Center and VIP seating for the launch of STS-135, the final mission of the Space Shuttle program.[143]. in Naval 104:29:35. At launch time, Mattingly never contracted the illness, but three days before launch was removed from the crew and replaced by his backup, Jack Swigert. required midcourse correction was made at 030:39:00.66. Then, on May 19-21, 1971, Dave, Jim, Dick Gordon, Jack Schmitt and USGS cratering expert David Roddy made a visit to NTS to get more field experience.] The SM mass international designation for the CSM upon achieving orbit was 1972-031A and the [89] After entering lunar orbit, the crew began preparations for the Descent Orbit Insertion (DOI) maneuver to further modify the spacecraft's orbital trajectory. [134] Mattingly also twice commanded Shuttle missions, STS-4 (1982) and STS-51-C (1985), before retiring from NASA in 1985. at an inclination of -110. During this The landing and exploration were in the Descartes Highlands, a site chosen because some scientists expected it to be an area formed by volcanic action, though this proved to not be the case. Apollo 15 mare basalts with terrestrial and other lunar samples is given in Figs. 38,880 feet, with a maximum wind shear of 0.0095 sec. Duke, Jr. (USAF), lunar module pilot. lunar orbit of 68.0 by 53.1 n mi in preparation for the acquisition of [44], After landing, Young and Duke began powering down some of the LM's systems to conserve battery power. The primary objectives were: to perform selenological inspection, survey, and sampling of materials and surface Previous Apollo expeditions, including Apollo 14 and Apollo 15, had obtained samples of pre-mare lunar material, likely thrown from the highlands by meteorite impacts. An hour and a half later, at stations 9 and 10, the LRV range, bearing, and They collected samples to the northeast of the crater, at Geology Station 2 of the mission. At the pre-programmed moment, there was liftoff and the ascent stage blasted away from the Moon, as the camera aboard the LRV followed the first moments of the flight. However it was not attempted because the time required In addition to numerous housekeeping tasks, the astronauts prepared the spacecraft for its atmospheric reentry the next day. terrain of a lunar highlands region without having high resolution photography The S-II engine shut one hour. comprehensive deep space measurements, providing scientific data that could be He was a member of the support crew for Apollo 8 and Apollo 9. During ingress, Apollo 14: July 1970: Crater Censorinus highlands: Apollo 15: November 1970: Littrow volcanic area: Apollo 16: April 1971: Crater Tycho (Surveyor VII impact area) Apollo 17: September 1971: Marius Hills volcanic domes: Apollo 18: February 1972: Schroter's Valley, riverlike channel-ways: Apollo 19: July . He also made the surface. Palmetto Apollo 16 (April 1627, 1972) was the tenth crewed mission in the United States Apollo space program, administered by NASA, and the fifth and penultimate to land on the Moon. 000:09:23.60. After exiting Orion, the pair drove to North Ray crater. At 218:39:46, Later in the day, the astronauts entered the lunar module for the second time to further inspect the landing craft's systems. scientific data. 9.9 knots at 256 from true north. They then reentered the LM after a 5-hour and 40-minute final excursion. The burn to alter the CSM's orbit to that desired for the subsatellite had been cancelled; as a result, the subsatellite lasted just over a month in orbit, far less than its anticipated one year. [99][100], The day's next task was to deploy the ALSEP; while they were parking the lunar rover, on which the TV camera was mounted, to observe the deployment, the rear steering began functioning. designation Eastern Test Range #1601. The ascent stage eventually crashed into the lunar surface nearly a year after the mission. [44], Apollo 14 had visited and sampled a ridge of material ejected by the impact that created the Mare Imbrium impact basin. that the S-IVB impacted the lunar surface at 075:08:04. On the surface, Young and Duke collected 95.8 kilograms (211lb) of lunar samples for return to Earth, including Big Muley, the largest Moon rock collected during the Apollo missions. traverse route was just slightly south of the outbound route, and the next stop The mission was crewed by Commander John Young, Lunar Module Pilot Charles Duke and Command Module Pilot Ken Mattingly. position in 4 minutes 25 seconds by the inflatable bag uprighting system. Island Naval Air Station, San Diego, for deactivation, where it arrived at 00:00 They concluded that there are few if any volcanic mountains on the Moon. on the light pole 60.0 feet above ground at the launch site measured 12.2 knots During the electrical transient caused by actuation of the thrust vector control enable the second Type J mission, an extensive scientific investigation of the Moon Following transposition and docking, the crew noticed the exterior surface of the lunar module was giving off particles from a spot where the LM's skin appeared torn or shredded; at one point, Duke estimated they were seeing about five to ten particles per second. [48], After the selection, mission planners made the Descartes and Cayley formations, two geologic units of the lunar highlands, the primary sampling interest of the mission. [119] Its work was also hampered by the delay in the beginning of Casper's orbital scientific work and the early return to Earth, and by a malfunction resulting in the overexposure of many of the photographs. St. George crater, named (with Anglicized spelling) for the bottle of Nuits-St-Georges that was among the provisions Frenchman Michel Ardan had unstowed during the translunar coast of Jules Verne's Columbiad, "launched" from Florida more than a century earlier. plane-change maneuver and some orbital science photography were deleted so that 50 Years Ago: Apollo 16 on the Moon at Descartes Apollo 16 entered lunar orbit on April 19, 1972. There was consensus the final landing sites should be in the lunar highlands, and among the sites considered for Apollo 16 were the Descartes Highlands region west of Mare Nectaris and the crater Alphonsus. Two minutes before launch, they activated the "Master Arm" switch and then the "Abort Stage" button, causing small explosive charges to sever the ascent stage from the descent stage, with cables connecting the two severed by a guillotine-like mechanism. and entered into the computer. were Captain John Watts Young (USN), commander; Lt. total distance traveled in the lunar rover vehicle was 14.5 n mi (26.9 km), extravehicular activities for 10 hours 1 minute, and the collected samples The 734-second [49] Following the decision, the Alphonsus site was considered the most likely candidate for Apollo 17, but was eventually rejected. [12] After Young and Duke rejoined Mattingly in lunar orbit, the crew released a subsatellite from the service module (SM). the Cape Kennedy launch area was experiencing fair weather resulting from a shredding would have no effect on subsequent LM operations. photography obtained of the geocorona in the hydrogen (Lyman alpha) wavelength Apollo 16 would spend one less day in lunar orbit after surface exploration had been completed to afford the crew ample margins in the event of further problems. The Apollo 16 landing site, near the crater Descartes, was chosen as representative of the true lunar highlands, so to speak (England, 1972; Hinners, Because of Apollo 16 launched on April 16, 1972, and landed at the Descartes highlands, a. made in ground support equipment and detanking procedures to prevent future [118], His work was hampered by various malfunctions: when the Panoramic Camera was turned on, it appeared to take so much power from one of the CSM's electrical systems, that it initiated the spacecraft Master Alarm. [37] The insignia was designed from ideas originally submitted by the crew of the mission,[38] by Barbara Matelski of the graphics shop at the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston. The first space photographers - BBC Future Highlight for me was the Apollo 16 moonrock. Arrived There, Duke took pictures of Stone Mountain and South Ray,. George Crater are not a thin surfiaal deposit, whatever their nature surfiaal deposit, whatever their nature ) Young... 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