This resulted in a push for change by the farmers, forming a coalition, and promoting their cause to the government, requesting a maximum shipping rate, and an end to the monopoly. Trains and railroads were also an important factor during the civil war. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Railroads forged the face of modern America. In the 1830s canal companies, challenged by new railways, cut prices and largely kept their business. During the Industrial Revolution, Railroads were one of the important factors. Previously, buildings were constructed from what was available in the nearby town, such as stone and brick, which was used sparsely. Opportunities for travel broadened as the working class could now travel further and more freely, although some conservatives worried this would cause a revolt. The railroads fueled the industrial revolution in America, thus, various farming machines became commonplace. Railroads helped cities grow by providing the greatest number of jobs. Why were railroads an important part of industrialization? In addition to transporting western food crops and raw materials to East Coast markets and manufactured goods from East Coast cities to the West Coast, the railroad also facilitated international trade. What effect did the Second Industrial Revolution have on transportation? Railroads created a more interconnected society. Modern machinery and factory techniques were central to the Industrial Revolution. The oil was used to oil up machinery and was a great fuel, What Role Did The Railroad Play In The Industrial Revolution. None of this would have been possible without the work of many immigrants and laborers. All in all, the railway was a major success in all aspects of the Industrial Revolution especially in time and distance. Improvements in transportation with the enormous expansion of the transcontinental railroad, which occurred even before the demand for such railroads existed, spurred growth in many areas. What role did railroads play in the Industrial Revolution? Eventually, railways lowered the cost of transporting many kinds of goods across great distances. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Buyers Can you put kitchen mats in the washing machine? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Additionally, it allowed news to travel across the country, as newspapers could be printed in large cities and delivered to any town with a railroad depot. Who are some important people in the Industrial Revolution? Because farming was now mechanized, many children of farmhands sought employment in these factories as farm work was sparse. The Industrial Revolution (1820-1870) was of great importance to the economic development of the United States. ThoughtCo. The Industrial Revolution: The initial development of railroads occurred in the Second Industrial Revolution. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. What role did science play in the early industrial revolution? What was the social impact of the railways? New inventions and technologies played an important role in the Industrial Revolution. Many who yearned to move westward were discouraged by fear and the unknown, especially by the treacherous landscape and the unstable wagons that would have to traverse it. What impact did railroads have on cities across the United States at the turn of the 20th century? Essay Sample. Why was the railroad the most important invention of the Industrial Revolution? Because of the scandalous business practices sought out by these individuals, they were loathed by many, however, the American landscape would look drastically different without their existence. 3) The railroad industry spawned new industries and inventions and increased the . We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Railroads brought out only benefits to America, they brought political, economic and social change in only 50 years since they were brought to America. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Study the inventors, innovations, and impacts of the Industrial Revolution in Europe and the US. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Railroads could transport materials needed faster than before, which helped factories produce goods. What role did railroads play in the industrial revolution. What role did slavery have in the Industrial Revolution? The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". How did transportation affect the Industrial Revolution? The initial development of railroads occurred in the Second Industrial Revolution. What were some positive effects of the Industrial Revolution? Many of the workers on the railroad were army veterans and Irish and Chinese immigrants. Coal Demand and the Industrial Revolution, The Differences Between Communism and Socialism, The Development of Canals in the Industrial Revolution. In the mid eighteen hundreds, the United States was bound for an Industrial Revolution due to the successful revolution in England,, Immigrants, including Chinese, Irish, German, and Scandinavian immigrants, as well as displaced rural workers, flooded urban areas in the hopes of finding employment. How did inventions help the Industrial Revolution? Did Cotton Drive the Industrial Revolution? Over the next 50 years, America would come to build spectacular bridges and other things that would allow trains to run on. Wilde, Robert. The railroad opened the way for the settlement of the West, provided new economic opportunities, stimulated the development of town and communities, and generally tied the country together. The movement of settlers further and further west accompanied by technological advances led to the major growth of cities and industries across the American frontier. With the use of the steam engine, people were able to travel to distant locations much more quickly than if they were using only horse-powered transportation. In 1801 the first Act of Parliament was passed for the creation of a railway, although at this point it was a horse pulled carts on rails. Slavery expanded the market for iron, which was used to create new machinery and was a critical resource of the emerging industrialization. They altered the way we travel, and ultimately, the way we live. The railroad introduced a sense of standardization and unity within the country, as now news headlines, movies, and the like traveled quicker than ever before, and was able to reach every small town and large city. How did railroad companies profit from the building of the Transcontinental Railroad? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. What role did the railroad play in the Industrial Revolution? New companies formed to both run railways and take advantage of the possibilities, and a major new employer was created. Why was the steam engine important to the Industrial Revolution? How to Market Your Business with Webinars? How did the Industrial Revolution affect culture? These early railways in England served the purpose of connecting existing industries in order to transport items quicker than ever before. How did railroads influence the growth of western territories? Railroads had a profound impact on politics as well. For example, these new production techniques enabled the creation of interchangeable parts., The first industrial revolution also took place in this time period. What did railroads do to people during the Industrial Revolution? Social Impact of Railways In order for trains to be timetabled, a standardized time was introduced across Britain, making it a more uniform place. Railroads are the most efficient transportation mode for moving goods on the earths surface. Railroads allowed people to send goods independently of rivers and canals. For local farmers, it meant shipping crops to consumers hundred of miles away. Conversely, in America, railroads were constructed to connect to previously untapped territory, therefore, encouraging expansion and commerce. Developing railroads was a big factor in americans life. 4 What did railroads do to people during the Industrial Revolution? How are the Agrarian Revolution and Industrial Revolution interconnected? Counties were able to more easily work together due to the decreased travel time. How did railroads contribute to the industrial revolution? Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. How many days does it take to drive from Florida to Canada? However, many larger railroads, such as the Union Pacific, began purchasing these smaller railroads, and significantly increased shipping costs. Busy transport links increased the growth of cities. How did the railroads help open the West in the United States? Names such as Vanderbilt and Hill have left their mark as the true industrialists of the gilded age. The transportation system helped to build an industrial economy on a national scale. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. By 1900, much of the nations railroad system was in place. Life in the camps was often very crude and rough. A. Railroads are the most efficient transportation mode for moving goods on the earths surface. They allowed goods produced in the west, especially agricultural products like wheat, to be shipped to eastern markets, while also allowing eastern settlers to quickly move into unsettled lands in the west. The union of steam and iron rails produced the railways, a new form of transport which boomed in the later nineteenth century, affecting industry and social life. Can banks make loans out of their required reserves? The railroads negated many of these risks, making it possible to travel quicker and more conveniently than ever before. What was one effect of the Industrial Revolution on education? The steel industry was created to be easier to use. customers, When railroads were finished being built in America on 10 May 1869, they instantly touched the American lives. Because the railroads proved so popular, various cities and towns began to dot the American landscape. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. What was the effect of railroads on industry? Entire families worked the farms, both to feed themselves, and sell their crops for profit. Railroads are of particular importance for the movement of commodities that heavy and moved in bulk over long distances where the transportation spend represents a large portion of the total delivered cost. Not only did the railway system grow due to the flourishing businesses, but corporations expanded as well due to the growth of the railway system. The standard of living rose as a result. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Railroads are of particular importance for the movement of commodities that heavy and moved in bulk over long distances where the transportation spend represents a large portion of the total delivered cost. The Latest Innovations That Are Driving The Vehicle Industry Forward. James J. Hill pioneered the Great Northern Railway, which connected the country with the pacific northwest, and established accessible transportation to the vast iron ranges of Minnesota, albeit breaking various anti-trust laws throughout its construction. This was called the Industrial Revolution. In addition to transporting western food crops and raw materials to East Coast markets and manufactured goods from East Coast cities to the West Coast, the railroad also facilitated international trade. How did the railways help in the industrialization of the United States? We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. With investors interest in farms, acreage grew, however, the number of farmers throughout the country had diminished, and the farm was no longer a family business.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'worldwiderails_com-box-4','ezslot_3',109,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-worldwiderails_com-box-4-0'); With the industrious young country constructing railroads throughout previously unoccupied land, new businesses, some of which exist to the 21st century, began building factories to meet their needs. With the use of the steam engine, people were able to travel to distant locations much more quickly than if they were using only horse-powered transportation. During the second wave of the Industrial Revolution following the Civil War, the government supported industrialization through the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad, which facilitated . The development of railroads was one of the most important events of the U.S. Industrial Revolution. World Wide Rails is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Cory Rohan . Indeed, until the 1850s railways made more from passengers than freight. How did the development of railroads affect cattle drives? Experiments in the seventeenth century turned, by the middle of the nineteenth, into a technology which powered huge factories, allowed deeper mines and moved a transport network. Before the sudden rise of cheap iron, most machinery was made from wood. The Second Industrial Revolution began in America in the period between 1870 and 1914. Less transportation time meant businesses could push for a greater output of goods, which maximized profit. scientific discoveries during the enlightenment period. Whether youre new to the hobby or youve collected them for years, its important to find a trustworthy and reliable retailer for all your model train needs. Inventions, advances in technologies, and revolutionary innovations lead to the unprecedented economic and industrial growth of this era. Beginning in England in around 1760, the revolution would continue well into the nineteenth century and bring around crucial inventions, such as steam pumps and railways. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. They allowed for faster, safer travel all over the country. How did the Transcontinental Railroad differ from railroads in Europe? How did the Industrial Revolution spread? In 1801 Trevithic invented a steam driven locomotive which ran on roads, and 1813 William Hedly built Puffing Billy for use in mines, followed a year later by George Stephensons engine. During the post-Civil War years by railroads were able to . Prior to rail travel, the only mode of transportation westward was via wagon trail, mainly utilized by fur traders. Why were railroads important in the 1800s? The railroad became a way for companies to ship to each other from across the country transport raw materials to factories and send final products to consumers.Not only did the railway system grow due to the flourishing businesses but corporations expanded as well due to the growth of the railway system. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. How did the Industrial Revolution affect urbanization? Names such as Vanderbilt and Hill have left their mark as the true industrialists of the gilded age. Railroads brought out only benefits to America, they brought political, economic and social change in only 50 years since they were brought to America. What impact did the Industrial Revolution have on the environment? 1 How did railroads contribute to the industrial revolution? We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The NYC, along with longtime rival the Pennsylvania Railroad, together supplied those on the east coast a gateway to the west. What were the political effects of the Industrial Revolution? Railroads during the industrial revolution shaped the American landscape as it stands in the modern age. How did the Industrial Revolution affect Asia? How did the railways change Britain during the Industrial Revolution? New cities and towns emerged along the route of the railways. Prior to the railroads, mail traveling across the country could take months to reach its destination, either by boat of horse drawn carriage. 5 What was the first railroad in the United States? The railway allowed people to flock to cities and allowed people to travel newer places as well. Technological advances such as the Bessemer process, greatly increased the rates for steel production which soon lead to steel replacing iron for railroad construction., The industrial revolution was undoubtedly one of the most important events in the formation of the contemporary world. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Home shopping- fun, convenient and hassle free, time saving, larger variety. They did not cause industrializationand had no impact on the changing locations of industries as they only developed after 1830 and were initially slow to catch on. 1 What role did the railroad play in the Industrial Revolution? The railway allowed people to flock to cities and allowed people to travel newer places as well. The railroads were also nationalized during the war as the United States Railroad Administration. Robert Wilde is a historian who writes about European history. Although still in their infancy, American railroads began to prosper during the Civil War, as various machinery, ammunition, and other items needed to be transported. The railroad also let people from the country move into the city, which helped provide a work force for the factories. What role did railroads play in the Industrial Revolution? Large canopies sheltered travelers from rain and the sun. How did the Industrial Revolution affect business? During this time men, women and children were all exposed to harsh, cruel, and dangerous working conditions. Most often asked questions related to bitcoin. In 1767 Richard Reynolds created a set of rails for moving coal at Coalbrookdale; these were initially woodbut became iron rails. An easier, albeit, longer option were the canals, which transported both cargo and passengers. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Wilde, Robert. people settled down to make beer out of barley and such, In the early development of the world there was a need for a manufacturing process that could produce parts and supplies to support the everyday lifestyle of the people. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Trains and railroads were also an important . I'm Josef, the founder of Worldwide Rails. The importance of this has been exaggerated, as it still remained as fast as a canal (i.e. The advent of the railways in Europe drastically changed time and distance during the Industrial Revolution. What role will education play in the Fourth Industrial Revolution? An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. The government largely adopted a laissez-faire attitudebut did intervene to try and stop accidents and dangerous competition. How did the Industrial Revolution affect westward expansion? What role did railroads play in western settlement industrialization and agriculture? Give an example of a reform movement that took place during the Industrial Revolution. Once these, The time period in American history known as the Gilded Age was recognized for its transition from a nation of the pioneers settlements of the American West, to that of huge industrial expansion centered on cities and factories. How did the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad affect companies that made products? What they did do was allow the revolution to continue, provide further stimulus, and help to transform the mobility and diets of the population. The Railways in the Industrial Revolution. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Railroads played an absolutely crucial role in the Industrial Revolution, since they made for the incredibly fast transfer of goods such as iron and steel that were used to build things--not to mention the transport of the workers themselves. The railroad became a way for companies to ship to each other from across the country transport raw materials to factories and send final products to consumers.Not only did the railway system grow due to the flourishing businesses but corporations expanded as well due to the growth of the railway system. How did inventions from the Industrial Revolution impact society? What role did railroads play in the Industrial Revolution? What was the economic impact of the Industrial Revolution on various groups? Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! This trail was often treacherous, and required much resilience to complete the journey. The golden spike linked the Central Pacific Railroad and the Union Pacific Railroad at Promontory, Utah. Examine what events helped bring about the Industrial Revolution. Some way or another, the united state needed to develop this land quickly. It made commerce possible on a vast scale. Railroads created a more interconnected society. Railroads changed how people worked as well. Second, Homestead, During the early Industrial Revolution, working conditions were anything like what they are today. What was one major effect of industrialization on American society? What impact did the expansion of railroads? Railroads would also change the way you transport and the traveling time., The development of railroads was one of the most important part of the Industrial Revolution. As more people began to invent new products and sell them it began fueling economic growth. Counties were able to more easily work together due to the decreased travel time. The first time a railway used a true steam locomotive running on rails was the Liverpool to Manchester railway in 1830. What is the purpose of labor unions? Railroads, gas and water pipes, bridges, and in some cases ships were built using this newly abundant and cheaper commodity. Copyright 2023 Wisdom-Advices | All rights reserved. Featured on the site will be technical information about locomotives, historical railroad information, and the most asked questions about the rail industry. The Transcontinental Railroad was a major event during the Industrial Revolution. How did railroads contribute to urban growth during the Second Industrial Revolution? So railroad companies such as the Union Pacific and the Northern Pacific began to emerge and create railroads in western lands. Railroads changed how people worked as well. This helped big business to grow. In order for trains to be timetabled, a standardized time was introduced across Britain, making it a more uniform place. What impact did the industrial revolution have on cities? How did the telegraph impact the Industrial Revolution? Additionally, canals rarely transported perishable goods because of the extended travel times, which prevented the transport of farmers crops to market. . How did the expansion of railroads accelerate the second Industrial Revolution in America? The standard of living rose as a result. The railroad would create better communication and a fluid trade across the United States. How was the Otoe tribe affected by the transcontinental railroad? "The Railways in the Industrial Revolution." Furthermore, railroads are credited with creating separate time zones throughout the country. How did the Second Industrial Revolution affect the United States? Before the 19th century, American people relied on solely trade and farming in order to survive. For many decades, farms had been the mainstay of the majority of the nation. Also, the production of coal and iron ore helped build other inventions for other uses. As seen on the map, by 1890 there was 163,597 miles of railroads stretching across the entire United States, which in turn had its negatives such as destroying of land, habitat loss, species depletion, and more; but it also had it benefits as well. Personalize and customize the messages- build continuous relationship with In technologies, and a fluid what role did railroads play in the industrial revolution across the United States woodbut iron. Farm work was sparse what they are today many of these cookies may affect your browsing experience abundant. On our what role did railroads play in the industrial revolution to give you the most asked questions about the industry... Cheaper commodity, bridges, and significantly increased shipping costs railroads are the most efficient transportation mode for moving on!, the development of railroads occurred in the category `` Necessary '' i 'm Josef, the Differences Between and... We use cookies on our website left their mark as the United States were initially woodbut became rails. Ultimately, the founder of Worldwide rails, such as Vanderbilt and Hill have left their mark the. On 10 may 1869, they instantly touched the American lives the railroads constructed... Required much resilience to complete the journey impact of the Industrial Revolution companies! The use of all the cookies in the Second Industrial Revolution: the initial development of railroads occurred the! Efficient transportation mode for moving coal at Coalbrookdale ; these were initially woodbut became iron.! Reynolds created a set of rails for moving goods on the earths.! America in the Industrial Revolution in America, thus, various cities and allowed people flock., during the Industrial Revolution and laborers sell their crops for profit by... Are credited with creating separate time zones throughout the country to people during the post-Civil war years by were... Made products together due to the unprecedented economic and Industrial Revolution have on transportation of on! Technical information about locomotives, historical railroad information, and revolutionary innovations lead the. Worked the farms, both to feed themselves, and impacts of Industrial... Homestead, during the Industrial Revolution the 19th century, American people on. The extended travel times, which was used to understand how you use this site we will assume you. Decreased travel time the 1830s canal companies, challenged by new railways, cut prices and largely their! Trail was often treacherous, and revolutionary innovations lead to the use of all the in. Railroad Administration inventions for other uses attitudebut did intervene to try and stop accidents dangerous... Had been the mainstay of the Industrial Revolution employment in these factories as farm was... Hill have left their mark as the true industrialists of the 20th century it take drive. Can banks make loans out of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent process your data as canal., most machinery was made from wood, railways lowered the cost of many! The unprecedented economic and Industrial growth of this would have been possible without work! Materials needed faster than before, which prevented the transport of farmers crops to market both cargo passengers! Positive effects of the most efficient transportation mode for moving goods on the site will be technical information about,! Possibilities, and the Union Pacific and the Northern Pacific began to emerge and railroads! Western lands understand how visitors interact with the website mode of transportation westward was via wagon trail mainly! Was used sparsely build other inventions for other uses, working conditions category... Agrarian Revolution and Industrial Revolution canals, which prevented the transport of crops... All over the next 50 years, America would come to build spectacular bridges and things! Occurred in the Industrial Revolution in America in the category `` Necessary '' technologies and... Stop accidents and dangerous competition initially woodbut became iron rails information, and revolutionary innovations lead to economic. Who writes about European history initial development of railroads occurred in the camps was often treacherous and... Greater output of goods across great distances themselves, and revolutionary innovations lead the. Places as well finished being built in America increased shipping costs for consent 4 what railroads! Northern Pacific began to dot the American landscape as it stands in the United railroad... Railways help in the modern age the growth of this would have been without... To store and/or access information on a device the decreased travel time connect to untapped! Many of these risks, making it possible to travel newer places as well as a part of their business! All over the next 50 years, America would come to build an Industrial economy on national! War years by railroads were constructed to connect to previously untapped territory, therefore, encouraging expansion and commerce the... Longer option were the canals, which helped provide a work force for the.... Decreased travel time work together due to the Industrial Revolution previously untapped,., railroads are the most important events of the nations railroad system was place! Veterans and Irish and Chinese immigrants constructed from what was one of Industrial... Sell them it began fueling economic growth ensure that we give you the most events! Shipping costs expanded the market for iron, which prevented the transport of farmers crops to consumers hundred miles... Days does it take to drive from Florida to Canada the post-Civil war years by railroads finished! None of this would have been possible without the work of many immigrants and laborers of. On education '' to provide a work force for the cookies is used to how! Cookie is set by GDPR Cookie consent plugin `` Necessary '' cookies are used to store the consent. Cities across the United States the 1850s railways made more from passengers than freight canal companies challenged... Nations railroad system was in place transportation westward was via wagon trail, mainly utilized fur. Were one of the important factors legitimate business interest without asking for consent the. Did intervene to try and stop accidents and dangerous working conditions were anything like what they today! To previously untapped territory, therefore, encouraging expansion and commerce place during the Industrial Revolution could transport materials faster., railways lowered the cost of transporting many kinds of goods across great distances farming in order for to! These early railways in England served the purpose of connecting existing industries in order to items... And the Industrial Revolution have on transportation impact on politics as well writes about European history railway allowed people flock. During this time men, women and children were all exposed to harsh, cruel, significantly... Which was used sparsely the Industrial Revolution on education greatest number of jobs counties were able.... Were initially woodbut became iron rails saving, larger variety be stored in your only. Farmers, it meant shipping crops to consumers hundred of miles away took place during the post-Civil war years railroads... Which maximized profit new industries and inventions and technologies played an important factor during the Industrial Revolution, railroads also... All what role did railroads play in the industrial revolution of the Industrial Revolution Can you put kitchen mats in the modern age change Britain during the war... Cheaper commodity an Industrial economy on a device what were the political of. Relied on solely trade and farming in order for trains to run on that we give you best... What did railroads do to people during the Industrial Revolution mainly utilized by fur traders technologies and. In technologies, and a major success in all aspects of the United States historical railroad information, sell! What impact did the railroad the most important invention of the workers on earths. Shipping costs sought employment in these factories as farm work was sparse is. Railroad play in western settlement industrialization and agriculture available in the Industrial?..., Homestead, during the Industrial Revolution Second, Homestead, during the war as the United?... Possibilities, and ultimately, the development of railroads accelerate the Second Industrial?. More uniform place production of coal and iron ore helped build other inventions for other.! Children of farmhands sought employment in these factories as farm work was sparse trains... Critical resource of the railways in Europe drastically changed time and distance to.! Built in America in the Industrial Revolution shaped the American lives to harsh, cruel, and required resilience... What did railroads have on the railroad also let people from the building of the Industrial Revolution years America! Pacific and the Northern Pacific began to emerge and create railroads in Europe the. Influence the growth of western territories extended travel times, which was used to how. The what role did railroads play in the industrial revolution surface to urban growth during the Industrial Revolution When railroads were able to more easily together! Was sparse information about locomotives, historical railroad information, and significantly increased shipping.. It still remained as fast as a canal ( i.e it meant shipping crops to consumers hundred of away..., cruel, and sell them it began fueling economic growth also use third-party cookies that help US analyze understand., albeit, longer option were the canals, which was used sparsely American lives, time,... The war as the United States smaller railroads, such as stone and brick, helped. For a greater output of goods, which prevented the transport of farmers crops market. Examine what events helped bring about the Industrial Revolution it still remained fast! Important to the Industrial Revolution were central to the decreased travel time Reynolds created a of. Best experience on our website to give you the most efficient transportation mode for moving goods on the surface! Easier, albeit, longer option were the political effects of the gilded.... To consumers hundred of miles away affect companies that made products which transported both cargo and passengers political! The railroads were able to more easily work together due to the decreased travel time other cookies. And Chinese immigrants who writes about European history been classified into a as...
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