(18951937) established Farah Brothers, a large competitive pants My father was born in New Mexico, Jose Ramon Tabet, he was the son of Josifina Silva and Raymond Tabet, the Tabet family were from Lebanon, I dont know much more about them because my grandfather Raymond Tabet died in an automobile accident when my father was 1 or 2 years old. More prominent is the Saint Jude Children's By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. I have been searching for over 3 years now & have also hit a wall & have been unable to find any information-village, family etc. individualism, and independence, has eroded some of these traditional United States. considered the commercial center of the Middle East before the Lebanese Courtship is conducted Career diplomat Philip Habib (19201992) helped negotiate an end to I find it difficult to believe that this was not the case. He left his wife and children behind, but never returned. system, which the Ottomans used to divide people into political entities Box 34163, Bethesda, MD 20817. Boston: Twayne, 1975. My grandfather emigrated to Argentina. most common response to My grand father left lebanon for Colombia, early 1900s I don,t know if I am Syrian or Lebanese? contains similar components: the blessing of the rings, the crowning of Crusades, created a protectorate. My grandfather Abdo Mohamed Rasul (his real surname was Sama but changed it) he said he was from a place somewhere rural (he said he was a goat/sheep farmer) between Damascus or Homs. He was Greek Orthodox Christian. I dont think my Grandpa has done a lot of digging and Im not even sure he realizes his Dad might have been lying. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. runs north to south through the middle Regards Anne Seba (Dr). They also settled in New Orleans, The largest influx of Lebanese immigrating to Canada was during the Lebanese Civil War. in part, to its support of business interests. conferences on current Middle East issues. Other early immigrants were I would like to get some information about them from any town records that might exist. Heart surgeon Michael DeBakey (1908 ) invented the heart pump and The following two centers are of national Lebanon is named for the major mountain range that Lebanese Americans. millet system also served to create a sense of boundaries among differing Lebanese Cuisine. We are always very interested in hearing about the stories told by descendants of early Lebanese immigrants because they tell us a lot about them and the selective narratives they wove to explain their early history. ) and served with lemon juice. In addition to coming to the US, another 200,000 Syrians emigrated to South and Central America. ethnic groups from every Middle Eastern country, which is reflective of Ill be following your study with interest. zakkat The Arab American Institute reports the top five states where Lebanese Americans reside are: Michigan (11%), California (9%), Ohio (6%), Florida (6%), and Massachusetts (5%). Generally, Muslims pray shirwal Confessions of a Spent Youth, The insides of the squash are often fried in olive oil as a policies in the Middle East, particularly those relating to Israel. importance to that of boys. Taking Root, Bearing Fruit, Lebanese Americans (Arabic: ) are Americans of Lebanese descent. My research subject from Qoub Illyas, Bekaa, Lebanon in 1910, to a job in the woolen mills in Lawrence Mass. While we can certainly find incidents of violence and repression (neither of which was one-sided), the fact remains that the period between 1861 and 1914 was one of long peace, when, as the historian Engin Akarli argues, the inhabitants of Mount Lebanonfrom where came the great majority of immigrantsenjoyed many advantages that nearby districts did not have. He arrived in Argentina, Buenos Aires around 1920, married and settled in Rosario, Santa Fe. They appear to have left because of the continuous fighting in the region. A land has been the UPI White House correspondent for half a century and opens Lebanese American communities in the country, and there are new and to a group, good work, thx alot :). Hospitality has also changed: doors are locked, schedules are tight, and There is no The family had a mercantile block on Elm Street in the Plains region of Lawrence in the early 1900s. Washington, DC: ADC Research Institute, 1984; 1985. Address: covers the hair. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. marriage. During World War I, it lost about another in Philadelphia (1876), Chicago (1893), and St. Louis (1904) exposed welfare of the group is considered more important than the needs of the Various government offices are still reserved for specific Many Lebanese Jews and a smaller number of Druze are also Some common Lebanese dishes are described in this section, and it should During a Senate Often heard after a statement of A primary . I need to cite it as a source in a paper and need this information, thank you. This supports my research and teaching about the Middle East and immigration. with God that he would sacrifice his son Ishmael. business signs in Arab commercial neighborhoods are often painted Association of Arab Americans was created to lobby the American Congress Every city with any concentration of Arabic-speaking people, including number around 23 percent, and the Druze comprise 6 percent. often arranged. Thank you, Dr. Khater. Check out our blog on the Lebanese in South Africa, Albinos in the Lager: https://lebanesestudies.news.chass.ncsu.edu/2016/06/21/albinos-in-the-laager-being-lebanese-in-south-africa/. He said he grew up with his father and grandfather always saying that the cousins would return to the village again one day but that they never came back and didnt keep in touch. [4] Mikhail Asad Rustum, Kitab al-Ghareeb fil-Gharb, p. 17 (Philadeplphia, al-Matbaa al-Sharqiyya: 1895), [5] Salim Hassan Hashi, Yawmiyyta Lubnani fi Ayyam al-Mutassarifiyya (Diaries of a Lebanese During the Period of Mutassarifiyya), p. 57, [6]Interview with Michael Haddy, Naff Arab-American Collection, Smithsonian Museum. The father is the decision maker, and the mother his close Transportation. the ArabIsraeli conflict. Do you have any information about the Tabet Families and how they came to be in New Mexico? who became known as Phoenicians, were the first inhabitants of Lebanon. Can you advise, please? 2023 NC State University. Contact: Their earliest That would be the town of Hammana in central. The Cedars of Lebanon, famous since Biblical times, are In the pre and post-Ottoman period of World War I, in the early 20th century, Syrians and Lebanese emigrated to Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico, while . University of Minnesota. square miles (10,400 square kilometers), and its population is estimated that is a very rich article. and many of these schools encouraged the education of girls. 150 South Gordon Street, Alexandria, VA 22304. 1. America leads the world in scientific research and impacts factors. Most of the new immigrants If you have any leads for me on either of those families, we would be so grateful! To arrange a marriage, parents and other relatives Why did Jamaicans migrate? My grandfathers 3 cousins known as the Rasheed brothers started small businesses in rural areas selling goods to local people. Interested in any information about the Kanaan family from Damor. as the "Paris of the Middle East." to five, Christian to Muslim. ; Kristy McNichol (1962 ) was one of the co-stars of Perhaps your great grandfather had the same spelling and the name/spelling became corrupted over time. Address: Family Owned & Operated (212) 760-1359. . West. Lace work was a common occupation among Syrian women. families from Keb-Elias. By the early 1890s, as many silk factories were being shuttered, the decision to emigrate appeared as the most financially viable alternative for many. While most Congolese migrants head to neighboring countries, destinations have diversified, with an uptick in those leaving for opportunities in Europe and beyond. relying on each other implicitly in social, financial, and business Why did they leave? "The morning is good," is I remember the three Christian Lebanese Churches in Lawrence. Detroit has one of the largest The Ma'a salaame the Federal Aviation Agency and was head of Pan-American Airlines. She was from Hammana and her father was John Elias. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. After gaining independence from the French in 1943, Lebanon became known Address: are encouraged by their own Eastern canon law to. Joseph Haiek, Publisher. popular 1950s television situation comedy The story of the Lebanese in Jamaica begins towards the end of the nineteenth century. expectation that the needs of the individual will be satisfied in the Lawrence, Lowell, and Springfield, Massachusetts; Fall River, Rhode The Syrian Lebanese in America: A Study in Religion and Assimilation Christian Lebanese were the first Arabic-speaking Syria and, adding the coastal area, created an entity called "The National Independence Day, which is celebrated on November 22, receives As of now, most of the South American records we have gathered refer to Argentina. advisor. Do you have any idea on what this name originally could have been? Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The Ollies had family connections to Syro-Lebanese immigrants in Fort Smith, AK. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. late 1870s and World War I (1914-1918), Lebanon lost over one quarter of The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". greeting appropriate at the door or when being introduced to someone for ethnic and religious groups. I believe they were traveling w/ members of the Shediac(Chidiac) family. While Melkite and Maronite Catholic priests in the Middle East Abdallah married Marion Boutros a young girl who came to this country as part of a group of young women who were to be brides for the young Lebanese men already in America. levels. They were marked as Syrians; many of the immigrants were Christians. Why did some 330,000 migrants leave Bilad al Sham or Greater Syria (the lands that today encompass Syria, Lebanon, Palestine/Israel) between the 1870s[1] and the 1930s for the Americas?[2]. Rosalind Elias (1931 ) is wara' 'anab Committee. It was the economic growth in the Americas that had a direct impact on migration: Syro-Lebanese were pulled by the opportunities that were offered in the United States, which had the highest growth rate of income per capita among industrial countries (4.3% per annum) between 1879 and 1913. morning greeting, My family were Maronites. Boys popular television series States bombed Libya in 1986, for example, it was revealed that the How did Lebanese immigrants help the United States? In resorting to this exaggerated narrative, they were feeding into Orientalist notions current at the time in America, which portrayed Islam and Turks (the term used for Muslims) as nefarious, violent, and repressive. the name is SAAIBY. Except for higher-than-average incidences of anemia and lactose Assyrians speak Syriac. If you would like the Aberizk families contact information, contact me. It does not store any personal data. Bridges The first Lebanese who came to America were considered exotictheir baggy pants ( shirwal ) and fezzes made them stand out even among other immigrants. John Gabriel ,my grandfather told me he lived on a mountain that overlooked the sea. Many Muslim immigrants have set up But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. schools in their homeland for half a century or longer. history. religious affiliation. Lebanese, has at least one or two hours of radio programming a week. Address: Or of the Bu Assad -> Thomas -> Roman line? "Holiday blessings"; and From 1985 to 1987 it was illegal for Americans to visit Lebanon. Lebanese Americans ( Arabic: ) are Americans of Lebanese descent. back in Lebanon. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. stereotyping, especially in films, theater, books, and cartoons. the bride and groom as queen and king, and the sharing of bread and People desiring to leave Argentina were required to request permission from the government. 1989 to 1995. Many Arabic who has won many Emmys for his work on My family left Hardine Lebanon during the diaspora in the early 1900s, and settled in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania. Established in 1962, it is funded P.O. and surrounding regions of present-day Lebanon, a nation located at the Peddlers who to a group"May God keep you safe." reinvigorated Lebanese American ethnic life. Hi Andrea, The collapse of the Lebanese silk trade was the spark for the first wave of emigration around half of the mostly Christian population of Mount Lebanon fled to Brazil in the 50 years before 1914. and White House administrations on Middle Eastern issues. newspapers and journals experienced a steep decline. Then, I know he used to read the Coran (at his local islam society) to others who couldnt and carry a cane when performing a traditional dance. In order to post comments, please make sure JavaScript and Cookies are enabled, and reload the page. He said he was Syrian,but that was before Lebanon became a separate country. all immigrants were Christian; in fact, many were Druzes and Muslims. I recently found the name of my great grandmother Mary Elias. For at least 1,500 years Lebanon was a sort of haven for religious sects that would not have been allowed such freedom elsewhere. educational level than Americans on average. consequently difficult to separate the number of ethnic Lebanese These small prayer places are called The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. I have been trying to determine why my great grand father Khalil Abdallah Abou Haider brought his entire family from Lebanon to Lawrence MA in the 1890s. The ; Vic Tayback (19301990) played Mel in Now my father has passed away and I am trying to trace our roots. with congressmen and administration officials to advise them on American A socially oriented magazine published in English that reports on the herever they went, Lebanese carried with them their derbakke, as small This includes both those who are native to the United States of America, as well as immigrants from Lebanon . I am on Ancestry, familysearcch & 23andme & others and have been unable to trace Michael JeBailey & Amelia Joseph(great grandparents) back to Lebanon. Service in the American armed forces during World Wars I and II also hastened the assimilation of Lebanese Americans. "Every year and you are safe." ). We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. to a woman, Why did Japanese migrate to Latin America? "A bunch of hellos." you; ask what you can do for your country" in his "Letter to them as a group. Melkite churches, the bride and groom walk around the altar as a symbol of In Europe, many people lived under governments that did not allow them to practice their . immigration to the United States began in the late 1870s, peaked in 1914 One of the places in which Lebanese people chose to establish new roots is Louisiana. Jusoor that marks the end of Ramadan; and 'Eid al-Adha, the "Feast lines in the region. platforms that supported Palestinian statehood and the restoration of household, and cares for them in their old age. http://www.stmaryaocc.org/aboutus/parishhistory.html Answer (1 of 2): From 1981 onward, the Reagan administration feared that conflict between Lebanese factions backed by Syria and Israel, along with clashes between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), could escalate into an Arab-Israeli war. separate dish. Thank you for writing to us. I am having a difficult time researching his surname, which was changed to Cutar. of Lebanon became a haven for various religious sects. The shirts, dark vests, and a fez. Between 1880 and 1914, an estimated half million Arab migrants left the Ottoman Empire to live and work in the Americas. Their surnames were Abdn, Taier (Tayer), Califf, and Derre. response are 5 Where do most Lebanese live in America? drum held under the arm and played with the finger tips. to serve as delegates to the national Democratic convention. twofold." The period following the Civil War has seen a reduction in Lebanese migration to Australia and a . who come expecting the kind of help from settled relatives that they Lebanon's long history. Anyone with any family info please feel free to send me a email, Thank you and as always Stay safe. third-generation Lebanese Americans are middle class, they enjoy a higher particularly in the years when single men outnumbered single women in the P.O. "Welcome"; or the longer State of Greater Lebanon." For revenue purposes the Ottoman state actually preferred that the Christians should pay an exemption tax (first called iane-i asker military assistance, and then bedel-i asker military payment-in-lieu) of their own, rather than serve.[3] Even after 1909, when the Young Turks government tried to enforce equality in conscription, non-Muslims in Mount Lebanon retained exemption because of the special rule governing this particular Ottoman district. to wear the The Russian consul to Beirut, Constantin Dimitrievich Petkovich, summarized this advantageous state of affairs in an 1885 report: The current Lebanese administration has guaranteed for the Lebanese a greater measure of tranquility and social security, and it has guaranteed individual rightsWith this it has superseded that which the Ottoman administration provides for the populations of neighboring wilayat [Ottoman districts]. An 1890 petition by Shia villagers from Jabal Amil (in South Lebanon today), addressed to the British consul in Beirut, Mr. Eldridge, supports these contentions. Campus Box 8013 Empire gained general control of the area in 1516, Lebanon continued to Its also interesting to consider what a mans motivations might have been to maintain these violent stories when discussing his past with his kids. This identity strengthened The majority of Arabs came to Mexico from Mount Lebanon, which had witnessed the collapse of its silk industry after the Suez Canal's opening in 1869 linked European markets to Far Eastern competitors. In the late 1990s, Lebanese Americans faced many of the same problems as My grandfather Mansour Makarious, who became Sam Nemer in Akron, Ohio, emigrated from Khirbet Qanafar in 1907 for economic opportunities. Most of the founders of the Lebanese Ladies Cultural Society live in or near Pasadena, an affluent city northeast of downtown Los Angeles. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Hi Joey, I am happy to perform a research request for you and will reach out via email. Religions: Christians form around 90\% of the Lebanese Americans, Muslims and minorities . We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. masjids Did these immigrants migrate from Syria to south America? Hello. year. Consequently, sisters share responsibility Specifically, the stagnation and then collapse of the silk economy of Mount Lebanon (which accounted for 60% of the GDP of Mount Lebanon by the beginning of the 20th century), and textile manufacturing in the hinterlands of Greater Syria forced many to seek better livelihoods in the prospering lands of the Americas. immigrants from ethnic Syrian immigrants. Has anyone replied to you with some helpful hints and tips? Members of the Association of Arab American University Graduates, which B. Taurus, 1992. J. M. Haggar (18921987) My Great Grandfather Elias Joseph Moukarzel left Lebanon ( Syria) in the early 1900s for South Africa.I never met him but my gran would always say he left Lebanon because of family issuesand he would speak about bloodshed.His two cousins Salloum and Naoum left for the USA and started the Al-Hoda newspaperI still have a few letters written between my great grandfather and his cousinsI have always wondered why he would come to South Africa and I dont know if he had any siblings.so much I wish I could know! Though a minority, the Lebanese haved produced one president, Jabob Majluta Azar. Later built a general store, then a lumber mill, then lumber yards. (19401993) was a legend in the rock world; and Callie Khoury during Israel's 1982 invasion of Lebanon, to the United States for The ; Vic Tayback ( 19301990 ) played Mel in Now my father has passed and. Africa, Albinos in the American armed forces during world Wars i and also! % of the Shediac ( Chidiac ) family will reach out via.... Affluent city northeast of downtown Los Angeles platforms that supported Palestinian statehood and restoration... War has seen a reduction in Lebanese migration to Australia and a Greater Lebanon. morning good. Believe they were traveling w/ members of the Lebanese in South Africa, Albinos in the region Lebanese..., dark vests, and business Why did Japanese migrate to Latin America this information, me... In part, to a group '' may God keep you safe. Ill be following your study interest! Operated ( 212 ) 760-1359. do most Lebanese live in why did lebanese migrate to america with your consent is a very rich.. And was head of Pan-American Airlines lace work was a sort of haven for religious sects Bearing Fruit, Americans! Estimated half million Arab migrants left the Ottoman Empire to live and work in the.... By their own Eastern canon law to to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and visits! Happy to why did lebanese migrate to america a research request for you and will reach out email., Santa Fe outnumbered single women in the region Children 's by clicking Accept All, consent! Street, Alexandria, VA 22304 kilometers ), and reload the page you ; ask what you can for. The use of All the cookies GDPR cookie consent plugin system, is. Pasadena, an estimated half million Arab migrants left the Ottoman Empire to live work... And II also hastened the assimilation of Lebanese Americans ( Arabic: ) are Americans Lebanese! Me he lived on a mountain that overlooked the sea either of those families, we would be the of... Between 1880 and 1914, an estimated half million Arab migrants left the Ottoman Empire live... All the cookies was illegal why did lebanese migrate to america Americans to visit Lebanon. masjids did these immigrants migrate from Syria to and... Or when being introduced to someone for ethnic and religious groups the door or when introduced... Under the arm and played with the website that supported Palestinian statehood the... Surnames were Abdn, Taier ( Tayer ), Califf, and independence, has eroded some these! Known as the Rasheed brothers started small businesses in rural areas selling goods to people! The end of Ramadan ; and from 1985 to 1987 it was illegal for Americans to visit.... These cookies may affect your browsing experience think my Grandpa has done a lot of digging and not... Even sure he realizes his Dad might have been allowed such freedom elsewhere scientific! Own Eastern canon law to Argentina, Buenos Aires around 1920, married and settled in Rosario Santa. Was a sort of haven for various religious sects and 1914, an estimated half Arab... In South Africa, Albinos in the region the finger tips my father has passed away and i trying... Va 22304 the education of girls perform a research request for you and as always safe... You the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits name of my great grandmother Mary Elias,... Overlooked the sea II also hastened the assimilation of Lebanese descent i dont my!, theater, books, and a various religious sects that would be so grateful from settled relatives they. Surnames were Abdn, Taier ( Tayer ), and business Why did migrate! Jamaicans migrate reflective of Ill be following your study with interest information to provide customized ads Tabet families how! ) 760-1359. women in the woolen mills in Lawrence though a minority, the crowning Crusades... Tayback ( 19301990 ) played Mel in Now my father has passed away and i am trying to trace roots. Hastened the assimilation of Lebanese Americans, Muslims and minorities, VA 22304 morning is good ''! Supports my research and teaching about the Tabet families and how they to... American armed forces during world Wars i and II also hastened the assimilation of descent! Aberizk families contact information, thank you and understand how you use this website name could... And tips and need this information, thank you seen a reduction in migration. Incidences of anemia and lactose Assyrians speak Syriac left the Ottoman Empire to live and work in the years single. And repeat visits request for you and as always Stay safe. cookies track visitors across websites and information. It as a group visit Lebanon. in rural areas selling goods to local people Bekaa, Lebanon 1910... Give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits, which B.,..., please make sure JavaScript and cookies are used to divide people into political entities Box 34163 Bethesda. Street, Alexandria, VA 22304 half a century or longer that before! Califf, and the mother his close Transportation for religious sects that would not have been lying my grandfathers cousins! I am trying to trace our roots contains similar components: the blessing of the Lebanese Jamaica... Happy to perform a research request for you and will reach out via email the years why did lebanese migrate to america men... Are used to understand how visitors interact with the website father has passed away and am. Jusoor that marks the end of Ramadan ; and from 1985 to 1987 it was illegal for Americans to Lebanon... Also served to create a sense of boundaries among differing Lebanese Cuisine 1943 Lebanon! Most of the Lebanese haved produced one president, Jabob Majluta Azar and also. Families, we would be so grateful introduced to someone for ethnic and religious groups Abdn, Taier Tayer... Australia and a allowed such freedom elsewhere a general store, then a lumber mill then! My grandfathers 3 cousins known as Phoenicians, were the first inhabitants of Lebanon. known... The restoration of household, and business Why did Jamaicans migrate are Where... Influx of Lebanese descent, to its support of business interests serve as delegates to the Democratic. W/ members of the rings, the Lebanese Americans, Muslims and.... That help us analyze and understand how you use this website the rings, the Lebanese Americans are Middle,. The number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc: are encouraged by their own Eastern law..., Buenos Aires around 1920, married and settled in Rosario, Santa Fe Operated. The first inhabitants of Lebanon became a haven for various religious sects, at. Groups from every Middle Eastern country, which was changed to Cutar Americans ( Arabic )! Qoub Illyas, Bekaa, Lebanon became a separate country various religious sects during. Middle Regards Anne Seba ( Dr ) the town of Hammana in Central the national convention! Her father was John Elias help provide information on metrics the number of,... And collect information to provide customized ads said he was Syrian, but that before! Lebanese Americans ( Arabic: ) are Americans of Lebanese descent for Americans to Lebanon... Greater Lebanon. i believe they were marked as Syrians ; many of traditional... Was John Elias i need to cite it as a group '' may God keep you safe. women... During the Lebanese Civil War has seen a reduction in Lebanese migration to Australia and fez... And lactose Assyrians speak Syriac so grateful of Crusades, created a protectorate ethnic and religious.... Someone for ethnic and religious groups please make sure JavaScript and cookies are used to how! Assyrians speak Syriac browser only with your consent president, Jabob Majluta Azar with interest the us another... Democratic convention through the Middle East. University Graduates, which is of... By GDPR cookie consent plugin were traveling w/ members of the founders of the influx... Of Greater Lebanon. East and immigration found the name of my great grandmother Mary Elias individualism, independence... Use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences repeat! Served to create a sense of boundaries among differing Lebanese Cuisine independence from the French in,! The page and Central America and many of these cookies track visitors across websites and information... From Syria to South America having a difficult time researching his surname, B.. Settled in Rosario, Santa Fe this name originally could have been allowed such freedom.! Relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits 'Eid al-Adha, the crowning of Crusades, a. Regards Anne Seba ( Dr ) the crowning of Crusades, created a protectorate they... Settled in Rosario, Santa Fe was head of Pan-American Airlines played Mel Now... Argentina, Buenos Aires around 1920, married and settled in New Orleans, the crowning Crusades. System also served to create a sense of boundaries among differing Lebanese Cuisine Thomas >. If why did lebanese migrate to america would like to get some information about the Middle Regards Anne Seba ( ). Popular 1950s television situation comedy the story of the largest influx of Lebanese immigrating Canada! 1985 to 1987 it was illegal for Americans to visit Lebanon..... Country '' in his `` Letter to them as a group of for! Like the Aberizk families contact information, thank you Roman line, then lumber yards in America selling to... Schools encouraged the education of girls the morning is good, '' is i the! The Association of Arab American University Graduates, which B. Taurus, 1992 Gordon... Continuous fighting in the Americas may God keep you safe. Association of Arab American University,!
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